Low-cost direct writing lithography system for the sub-micron range

Abstract

We have developed a fixed beam direct writing laser lithography system with a minimum feature size of 400nm at 457nm wavelength and a writing speed of 4·2mm/s with total system costs of less than 100 000 US$.     

Recrystallization kinetics of ultrafine-grained Ni studied by dilatometry

The release of excess volume upon recrystallization of ultrafine-grained Ni deformed by high-pressure torsion was measured with a high-precision difference-dilatometer employing constant heating rates in the range from 0.3 to 10 K min^?1. The kinetics of the recrystallization process was analyzed according to the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov theory adapted to the case of constant heating rates. An effective Avrami exponent of 2 and a value of 1.20 eV for the activation energy of recrystallization was determined. Analysis by the Kissinger method yielded the same result for the activation energy.     

The virtual production simulation platform: from collaborative distributed simulation to integrated visual analysis

Computational simulations are used for the optimization of production processes in order to significantly reduce the need for costly experimental optimization approaches. Yet individual simulations can rarely describe more than a single production step. A set of simulations has to be coupled to each other to form a contiguous representation of a process chain. Eventually, simulated results have to be analyzed by domain experts to gather insight from the preformed computations. In this paper, we propose an IT infrastructure and software tools that aim at a rather non-intrusive way of coupling resources and domain expert’s knowledge to enable the collaborative setup, execution and analysis of distributed simulation chains. We illustrate the approach in the domain of materials processing. Beyond means originating from the domain of GRID computing for resource management, a data integration component assures semantic data integrity between the simulation steps and stores simulation data in an application independent way. Thus, we can transform this data into native formats for each simulation tool, and finally into a format that allows for contiguous visualizations and an intuitive, comprehensive analysis of complete simulated process chains.     

Application of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy on the Analysis of PAH-Coated Aerosols

A fiberoptic sensor system was developed for the detection of PAH-coated aerosols. It incorporates a pulsed nitrogen laser for excitation and a monochromator, a photomultiplier and a digital storage oscilloscope for recording of fluorescence decay curves. With a software-realized photon counting technique detection limits less than 100 ng/m³ for most of the PAHs investigated were achieved with NaCl as a substrate (e.g., 20 ng/m³ for benzo(e)pyrene on NaCl). The sensitivity of the system decreased dramatically when PAH adsorbed on carbon aerosol were analyzed. With pyrene on polydisperse NaCl aerosol the formation of excimers was observed and the formation kinetic could be analyzed. With benzo(e)pyrene on NaCl under similar conditions excimer fluorescence was observed but not the formation kinetic. This indicates the formation of micro-crystals of PAHs on aerosol surfaces even at surface coverages Θ ?1. Due to the observed matrix effects experiments were carried out, at which the PAHs were thermally desorbed in advance of the analysis. By this PAH fluorescence was measurable with carbon as matrix.     

Platinentechnologie auf dem Vormarsch

ProdukteHeraeus Sensor-Nite

Platinentechnologie auf dem Vormarsch     

Weidmüller Ein-Bolzen-Klemme

ProdukteW-Reihe Gem?ss en 50 124-1

Weidmüller Ein-Bolzen-Klemme     

Multigrid Convergence of Calculated Features in Image Analysis

This paper informs about number-theoretical and geometrical estimates of worst-case bounds for quantization errors in calculating features such as moments, moment based features, or perimeters in image analysis, and about probability-theoretical estimates of error bounds (e.g. standard deviations) for such digital approximations. New estimates (with proofs) and a review of previously known results are provided.     

Hautbr?unung und Lichtschutz -Grundlagen, Wirkstoffe und analytische Aspekte

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Skin tanning and light protection - theory, agents and analytical aspects